Simple blood test detects eight different kinds of cancer
Scientists from John Hopkins University in the United States, who developed the test, say it has the ability to revolutionise the way doctors screen for cancer and could save thousands of lives.
He said "we're very close" to using blood tests to screen for cancer as "we have the technology".
The findings were published online by Science on January 18, 2018. Recently DNA released from the tumors was being tested.
"Because the test can easily be made available for under $150, it could potentially be offered directly to consumers and ordered by physicians, with colonoscopy being the confirmatory diagnostic", said study author Dr. Ashish Nimgaonkar.
There are already early screening tests for breast and bowel cancer, but Professor Gibbs said the blood test would help diagnose more people at risk.
In this study, the test had greater than 99 percent specificity for cancer.
Rather, it most likely would supplant the preliminary stool-based tests that people often are reluctant to use, Nimgaonkar said. Less than 3 percent of the time did it produce a "false positive" result, which mistakenly indicates the presence of cancer when there is none.
Cancers were detected in the ovaries, liver, stomach, pancreas, esophagus, colorectal, lung and breast. The rates varied depending on the type - lower for breast tumours but high for ovarian, liver and pancreatic ones.
CancerSEEK is different because it combines tests that look for 16 genes and 10 proteins linked to cancer, explained Lennon, of Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center in Baltimore.
The test detects so-called "circulating tumor cells" (CTCs).
Many other efforts are under way to develop blood tests for cancer.
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"Many of the most promising cancer treatments we have today only benefit a small minority of cancer patients, and we consider them major breakthroughs", he said.
"[The test is] quite sensitive, so it's detected most of the cancers, these early stage cancers that if diagnosed later are nearly universally fatal", Professor Gibbs said.
Outside experts said more research is needed to uncover the true accuracy of the test, and whether it would be able to detect cancers before they cause symptoms.
This will be the real test of its usefulness. The result was a relatively small panel of highly selective DNA markers.
"This test represents the next step in changing the focus of cancer research from late-stage disease to early disease, which I believe will be critical to reducing cancer deaths in the long term". "Will this eventually impact patients' care?" Earlier detection provides many ways to improve outcomes for patients.
Ultimately, Lichtenfeld said, the big question will be: Does this kind of testing save people's lives?
They noted that the signs of cancer could be detected in the blood test in around 70 percent of these individuals.
The researchers estimated the cost of CancerSEEK to be about US$500, which can be less than the cost of a colonscopy for subsidised patients in Singapore.
"We can only learn about how much this is, or is not, a problem through larger studies".
In addition to Cohen, Papadopoulos, Lennon, Tomasetti, Kinzler and Vogelstein, other participants include Lu Li, Yuxuan Wang, Christopher Thorburn, Bahman Afsari, Ludmila Danilova, Christopher Douville, Ammar Javed, Fay Wong, Austin Mattox, Ralph Hruban, Christopher Wolfgang, Michael Goggins, Marco Dal Molin, Tian-Li Wang, Richard Roden, Alison Klein, Janine Ptak, Lisa Dobbyn, Joy Schaefer, Natalie Silliman, Maria Popoli, Joshua Vogelstein, James Browne, Robert Schoen, Randall Brand, Jeanne Tie, Peter Gibbs, Hui-Li Wong, Aaron Mansfield, Jin Jen, Samir Hanash, Massimo Falconi, Peter Allen, Shibin Zhou, Chetan Bettegowda and Luis Diaz.
Five of the eight cancers investigated have no screening programmes for early detection.
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