A view of Earth from the moon captured by an Apollo 8 astronaut in 1968. NASA calls the famous image
Instead, they have suggested that although early Earth was involved in a huge collision 4.5 billion years ago, it was so devastating that it vaporized both bodies, creating a seething spinning doughnut-shaped cloud of dust and debris, called a synestia.
This artist's rendering shows the hot, molten Moon emerging from a synestia, a giant spinning donut of vaporized rock that formed when planet-sized objects collided.
In the traditional moon-formation story, known as the Giant Impact Model, a Mars-sized object called Theia came hurtling through space and glanced off our planet, and the molten rock and material thrown off in the collision became our moon.
A enormous superheated doughnut of liquid and vaporised rock then formed after this cosmic carve up, which eventually settled to become the Earth and Moon.
It's generally believed that our Moon came into being when a planet the size of Mars smashed into Earth.
Following the impact, around 10 percent of Earth would simply have been vapourised, say the researchers, and within the remaining liquid rock would be a small seed of the moon.
What's more, he said, tests have shown that the isotopic "fingerprint" for both the Earth and Moon are almost identical, suggesting both came from the same source.
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"The Moon forms inside the vaporized Earth at temperatures of four to six thousand degrees Fahrenheit and pressures of tens of atmospheres". "Two of the most significant "Eureka" moments were that the realization that impacts were creating a very different type of planetary structure, synestias, and that the synestia was so large that the Moon would be forming inside the vapor of the synestia", Lock told ZME Science. This shows why the Moon has a number of similarities with the Earth in terms of geological composition.
According to this model, the moon inherited its composition from the Earth, but lost some of its more easily vaporized elements to the intense heat of the synestia.
The idea is that the Moon emerged from this synestia along with the Earth, which explains why they seem to be made of similar material. Vaporized silicate rock condensed at the surface of the synestia and rained onto the proto-Moon, while the Earth-synestia itself gradually shrank.
Researchers say the new model, described in the Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets, resolves several problems in lunar formation.
Lock added that more work is planned to better define the theory, particularly concerning how the moon interacts with the vapor in the synestia. The researchers found that over a range of high temperatures and high angular momentum, planet-sized bodies could form a new, much larger structure, an indented disk rather like a red blood cell or a donut with the center filled in. For instance, scientists would like to know how the vapor that formed the moon flowed and behaved in more detail. The synestia is in the process of condensing to form the Earth.
"The rate of rainfall is about 10 times that of a hurricane on Earth", Lock said. "This is a dramatically different way of forming the moon. You just don't think of a satellite forming inside another body, but this is what appears to happen".
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