Tardigrade
"Tardigrades are as close to indestructible as it gets on Earth", Rafael Alves Batista, a water bear researcher at the University of Oxford, told National Geographic a year ago. Forget cockroaches - tardigrades will outlive us all.
The new tardigrade (its head is on the left).
The team looked at the puffy little creatures under the microscope and analysed their DNA to confirm they were a new species: Macrobiotus shonaicus.
Finding new species of tardigrades is good because we stand to learn a lot from these critters.
Arakawa routinely samples moss he finds around town, he said, but the portion from his parking lot turned out to be special.
'However, there are also other reasons [to study them]. Many tardigrades are parthenogenetic, where only females exist and all offsprings are produced without mating.
A new tardigrade species has been identified in Japan, according to a study published February 28, 2018, in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Daniel Stec from the Jagiellonian University, Poland, and colleagues.
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They were luckily able to successfully breed the tardigrades in the lab and it was actually their eggs that made it clear that they are a new species. The spherical eggs are studded with miniscule, chalice-shaped protrusions, each of which is topped with a ring of delicate, noodle-like filaments. He and two of his colleagues used scanning electron microscopy and phase contrast light microscopy (essentially, super detailed microscopic imaging) and found a tardigrade unlike any they had seen before.
The surface of the tardigrade's egg. This new species is placed in the same clade as species from Kenya (Macrobiotus paulinae), Ecuador (Macrobiotus polypiformis), Scotland (Macrobiotus scoticus), and Argentina (Macrobiotus kristenseni).
According to reports, there are 167 known species in Japan alone. The oral cavity of the new tardigrade. In these extreme environments, the animals will enter a type of hibernation called cryptobiosis, in which they recoil into a compact, dried ball and stay dormant for an indefinite period of time. The microscopic dried tardigrades are blown like specks of dust in the wind, so tardigrades can travel widely in this form. Arakawa studies these tiny water bears at Japan's Keio University, and regularly samples moss around the city.
"This is the first original description of the hufelandi group species from Japan, and now, the number of tardigrade species known from this country has increased to 168", write the authors in the new study. It isn't not known for sure, but hypothesized that they have a wider distribution around the Shonai area in Japan after which they are named. The researchers studied their physical characteristics and discovered unique features that make the species different from the rest of tardigrades.
Journal reference: Citation: Stec D, Arakawa K, Michalczyk?
Most similar to certain members of the M. hufelandi group of the tardigrade family, M. shonaicus has a bulging layer on the internal surface of some of its legs, and thin fibers like tentacles that grow from its eggs.
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