Video Secret ‘city of penguins’ hidden in the Danger Islands of Antarctica
Plans are in place to expand the area to a 70,000 square miles (1.8 million square km) - or five times the size of Germany.
A thriving "hotspot" of 1.5 million Adelie penguins, a species fast declining in parts of the world, has been discovered on remote islands off the Antarctic Peninsula.
It comes after thousands of Adélie penguin chicks died between 2010 and 2017 due to mass starvation, in what French scientists described as a "catastrophic breeding failure" caused by unusually thick sea ice which forced their parents to forage further for food.
These grim and freezing rocky islands are home to a massive number of Adélie Penguins, a species which was one of the most common on the Antarctic Peninsula but were presumed to be in decline. "We all knew there would be a lot penguins there, but I think none of us knew there would be this many".
The biggest question that remains unanswered is why the penguins have taken up residence there, and in such huge numbers.
In a paper released Friday in the journal Scientific Reports, scientists announced the discovery of this previously unknown supercolony.
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The area was named the Danger Islands by a British explorer called James Clark Ross, who nearly ran into rocks nearby because they were buried under ice.
Researchers saw the first hints of the penguin population back in 2014 after scouring some NASA images gathered via the Landsat satellite program. The islands are quite hard to access, because they are surrounded by sea ice.
"The population of Adélies on the east side of the Antarctic Peninsula is different from what we see on the west side, for example", said Stephanie Jenouvrier, a seabird ecologist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. Finally getting into the Danger Islands and counting the penguins shows how robust populations are where the ice is intact'. Once they made it to the island, they sent out fleets of drones to capture a detailed set of high-resolution images that they could stitch, mosaic-like, into a much more complete and telling image.
"The drone lets you fly in a grid over the island, taking pictures once per second".
Scientists say that the Danger Islands "appear to have avoided recent declines" which have been documented on the Western Antarctic Pensinsula and "deserve special consideration in the negotiation and design of Marine Protected Areas in the region". "But it also reinforces the urgency to protect Antarctic waters from the dual threats of overfishing and climate change".
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